# ProSolarCalc — full site reference

> Free, unbiased solar energy calculators and guides for homeowners, DIY installers and businesses worldwide. No email required, no data sold, no lead generation. Every tool shows its formula, carries dated 2026 policy references (see /changelog.html), and links its sources and standards. Coverage: 100+ calculators including country tools for 18 countries, all 36 Indian states/UTs, 6 US states, unit converters and specialised tools, plus 12 in-depth guides. All calculators are embeddable widgets (see /embed.html) and offer branded PDF reports and shareable result links.

## Site pages

### ProSolarCalc — Free Solar & Off-Grid Calculators (No Email, No Spam)
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/index.html
Free, unbiased solar calculators: savings, system size, off-grid, batteries and wiring — plus country tools for 18 countries. No signup, no spam.

### Solar FAQ — 210+ Answers on Sizing, Batteries, Subsidies & Costs | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/faq.html
210+ plain-English answers on solar sizing, batteries, wiring, subsidies and payback — every answer linked to a free calculator. No email, no spam.

### Solar Glossary — 200 Solar, Battery & Electrical Terms Defined | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/glossary.html
200 plain-English solar, battery and electrical terms — from kWh and MPPT to NEM 3.0 and LCOE. Searchable, grouped by topic, linked to free calculators.

### Data Changelog — When We Last Verified Each Subsidy & Tariff | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/changelog.html
When we last verified each solar subsidy, tax credit and tariff — PM Surya Ghar, NEM 3.0, STC, SEG, NEPRA and more, with official sources.

### Embed Our Free Solar Calculators — Widgets for Your Website | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/embed.html
Add any of 104 free solar calculators to your own website with a copy-paste iframe widget — savings, sizing, battery, wiring and country tools. Free with attribution.

### Free Tools — Calculators & Utilities We Recommend | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/free-tools.html
A directory of free online tools and calculators from our network — square footage, percentages, age, Base64, JSON, hashing, regex, networking and more. All free, no sign-up.

### Contact Us | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/contactus.html
Get in touch with ProSolarCalc. Email us with questions, corrections or feedback about our free solar calculators and guides.

### Privacy Policy | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/privacy.html
How ProSolarCalc handles your data, including our use of Google Analytics, Google AdSense, Adsterra advertising, cookies, and affiliate marketing links.

## Guides

### Do Solar Panels Work in Winter & Cloudy Weather? | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/do-solar-panels-work-in-winter-cloudy-weather.html
Yes, but with less output. Honest numbers on solar in winter and cloud: 10-25% cloudy-day output, why cold helps efficiency, seasonal spread, sizing advice.

### How Many Solar Panels Do I Need? (2026 Sizing Guide) | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/how-many-solar-panels-do-i-need.html
A clear, honest guide to working out how many solar panels you need — from your kWh usage, sun-hours and panel wattage to roof space and real-world losses. Includes worked examples and a free calculator.

### Is a Solar Battery Worth It? An Honest Answer | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/is-a-solar-battery-worth-it.html
Does a home battery pay for itself? The one number that decides it, the honest payback arithmetic, and where storage genuinely earns its keep in 2026.

### Is Solar Worth It? An Honest Framework | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/is-solar-worth-it.html
There is no universal yes or no. Five questions decide whether solar pays for you: your rate, export rules, sun, cost per watt and time horizon - for 2026.

### MPPT vs PWM Charge Controllers: The Difference, and When MPPT Pays | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/mppt-vs-pwm-charge-controllers.html
How PWM and MPPT charge controllers actually differ, the harvest math behind the 10-30% claim, a worked 400 W example, and when a cheap PWM unit is still fine.

### NEM 3.0 Explained in Plain English | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/nem-3-explained.html
How California’s NEM 3.0 Net Billing Tariff works: avoided-cost export rates, grandfathering, battery strategy, and a worked NEM2-vs-NEM3 savings example.

### Pakistan: Net Metering to Net Billing (NEPRA 2026) | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/pakistan-net-metering-net-billing-guide.html
How SRO 251(I)/2026 replaced net metering with net billing in Pakistan: Rs 11 buyback vs retail tariffs, grandfathering, a 10 kW worked example, and fixes.

### PM Surya Ghar Subsidy 2026: The Complete Guide | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/pm-surya-ghar-subsidy-guide.html
PM Surya Ghar subsidy in 2026: slab-wise CFA up to ₹78,000, eligibility rules, the full pmsuryaghar.gov.in application flow, the 7% loan, and common delays.

### Self-Consumption vs Export: Why Using Your Own Solar Wins | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/self-consumption-vs-export.html
Why a self-used solar kWh beats an exported one, how net metering, net billing and zero-export rules change sizing, plus a worked 10 kWh example across regimes.

### Solar in South Africa: Load-Shedding & Eskom Guide | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/solar-in-south-africa-loadshedding-guide.html
How to design solar and battery systems for South Africa in 2026: load-shedding stages, Eskom tariff increases, battery sizing, SSEG rules and real economics.

### Solar Payback Period Explained: How to Calculate It Honestly (2026) | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/solar-payback-period-explained.html
What a solar payback period really is, how to calculate it step by step, what a good payback looks like, and the optimistic assumptions that make sales estimates look better than reality. Free calculator included.

### US Federal Solar Tax Credit in 2026: What Changed | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/us-federal-solar-tax-credit-2026.html
The 30% federal residential solar credit ended for purchases after 2025. What survives in 2026: lease/PPA pass-through, carryforwards, and state incentives.

## Calculators

### Ah to kWh Calculator — Battery Amp-Hours to Kilowatt-Hours | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/ah-to-kwh-calculator.html
Free Ah to kWh calculator. Convert battery amp-hours to kilowatt-hours (and back) using battery voltage, plus watt-hours and usable capacity. For 12V, 24V and 48V banks. No signup.
How it works: kWh = Ah × Volts ÷ 1000 and Ah = kWh × 1000 ÷ Volts . Watt-hours Wh = Ah × Volts . Usable energy = kWh × depth-of-discharge . A 48V bank stores four times the energy of a 12V bank at the same amp-hours.

### AWG to mm² Calculator — Wire Gauge Conversion | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/awg-to-mm2-calculator.html
Free AWG to mm² wire gauge calculator. Convert American Wire Gauge to square millimetres and back, with diameter, circular mils and typical copper ampacity. No signup.
How it works: AWG diameter d(mm) = 0.127 × 92^((36 − n) ÷ 39) ; area = π/4 × d² . Each 3-gauge step doubles the area; each 6 steps roughly halves the diameter. Going the other way, the calculator returns the nearest standard AWG for your mm².

### Off-Grid Battery Bank Sizing Calculator | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/battery-bank-calculator.html
Free off-grid battery bank sizing calculator. Enter daily energy use, system voltage and battery chemistry to size your solar battery bank in Ah and kWh. No signup, no email.
How it works: 1. Energy needed = daily Wh × days of autonomy 2. Account for system efficiency: ÷ efficiency 3. Account for usable depth of discharge: ÷ DoD 4. Convert to amp-hours: Ah = Wh ÷ system voltage Lead-acid should only be discharged to ~50%, while LiFePO₄ tolerates ~90% — which is why a lithium bank can be far smaller for the same usable energy.

### Home Battery Payback Calculator — Is a Solar Battery Worth It? | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/battery-payback-calculator.html
Free home battery payback calculator. See the annual value of storing solar or off-peak power, simple payback vs battery lifespan, and an honest worth-it verdict. No email.
How it works: Energy shifted/yr = usable kWh × cycles/day × 365 × 90% round-trip . Annual value = energy shifted × value per kWh; escalated yearly by your %/yr, summed over the battery’s life. Payback = cost ÷ year-1 value. Verdict : pays back within its life (worth it) or not. Cost per stored kWh = cost ÷ lifetime kWh shifted — compare that with your value per kWh at a glance.

### Battery Backup Runtime Calculator — How Long Will It Last | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/battery-runtime-calculator.html
Free battery backup runtime calculator. Find out how many hours your battery bank will power your loads, by capacity, voltage, chemistry and load. No signup.
How it works: 1. Total stored energy = capacity (Ah) × voltage (V) → watt-hours. 2. Usable energy = total × depth of discharge (you can't safely drain a battery fully). 3. Through an inverter, ~10% is lost, so delivered = usable × inverter efficiency. 4. Runtime = delivered energy ÷ load watts . Lead-acid only gives ~50% usable, so a lead-acid bank runs about half as long as a same-size lithium one.

### BTU to kW Calculator — Cooling & Heating Power | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/btu-to-kw-calculator.html
Free BTU to kW calculator. Convert BTU/hr to kilowatts, tons of cooling and watts (and back) for air conditioners, heat pumps and solar sizing. No signup.
How it works: Everything converts through thermal watts: 1 BTU/hr = 0.29307 W , 1 kW = 1000 W , 1 ton = 3516.85 W = 12,000 BTU/hr , 1 kcal/hr = 1.163 W . To get the electrical draw of an AC or heat pump, divide the cooling capacity by its efficiency (EER or COP).

### Solar Charge Controller Sizing Calculator (MPPT & PWM) | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/charge-controller-calculator.html
Free solar charge controller calculator. Size your MPPT or PWM controller in amps from your array wattage and battery voltage, with a 25% safety margin. No signup.
How it works: MPPT converts surplus panel voltage into extra charging current, so its output current is set by power and battery voltage: charge current = array watts ÷ battery voltage , then × 1.25 safety margin. PWM passes the panel current straight through with no conversion, so it's sized on the array's short-circuit current: controller amps = total Isc × 1.25 . With PWM the panel voltage must roughly match the battery voltage. The 25% margin (a standard code factor) prevents nuisance trips when bright, cool conditions push panels above their rated output.

### Commercial Solar Calculator India 2026 — ROI, Accelerated Depreciation & CAPEX vs RESCO | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/commercial-solar-calculator-india.html
Free commercial & industrial solar calculator for India. Work out ROI, payback, the accelerated depreciation tax benefit (40% year 1), and compare buying (CAPEX) vs a RESCO/PPA (OPEX) model. No email, no spam.
How it works: CAPEX (you buy): savings = units generated × your grid tariff. The big extra lever is accelerated depreciation — claiming 40% of the asset value as depreciation in year 1 reduces taxable profit, so the year-1 tax saving = 40% × cost × tax rate . That lowers your effective net cost and speeds payback. RESCO / OPEX (PPA): a developer funds and owns the plant; you simply buy the power at a fixed rate below the grid. Zero capital, zero maintenance, but lower lifetime savings and no depreciation or ownership. LCOE (levelised cost) is the system cost spread over 25 years of generation — for commerci

### Diesel Generator vs Solar Cost Calculator — True Cost per kWh | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/diesel-vs-solar-calculator.html
Free diesel vs solar calculator. See the true cost per kWh of running a diesel generator — fuel plus maintenance — versus a solar system, with payback and 10-year savings.
How it works: Genset energy/yr = load kW × hours × 365 . Diesel cost per kWh = L/kWh × price/litre × (1 + maintenance%) . Solar sizing : the array must generate the same daily energy — daily kWh ÷ (sun × 0.75 hybrid derate) ; cost = array kW × your per-kW hybrid price. Payback = solar cost ÷ annual diesel spend avoided (diesel assumed to inflate 5%/yr in the 10-year figure).

### EV Charging from Solar Calculator — Panels & Charge Time | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/ev-solar-charging-calculator.html
Free EV solar charging calculator. Find how much solar you need to charge your electric car from your daily mileage, plus charge time and energy use. No signup.
How it works: 1. Energy per day = daily distance ÷ efficiency (miles ÷ mi/kWh, or km ÷ km/kWh). 2. Solar size to cover it = daily kWh ÷ (sun hours × (1 − losses)) . 3. Panels = system watts ÷ 400W per panel. 4. Charge time = daily kWh ÷ charger power , plus ~10% charging loss. In practice you rarely charge directly off panels — solar offsets your overall bill while the car charges from the grid or a home battery. This shows the solar capacity that matches your driving energy.

### Generator Sizing Calculator — Running & Surge Watts | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/generator-sizing-calculator.html
Free generator sizing calculator. Add your appliances to find the running and starting (surge) wattage and the kW / kVA generator size you need. No signup.
How it works: 1. Running watts = sum of each appliance's watts × quantity. 2. Surge demand = total running watts + the extra startup surge of the single largest motor (≈2× its running watts on top of its running figure). 3. The generator must handle both the continuous running load and that peak surge, so we recommend the next common size above the higher of the two, plus headroom. 4. Generators are rated in kVA as well as kW; at a 0.8 power factor, kVA = kW ÷ 0.8 . Sizing only for running watts is the classic mistake — the generator stalls the moment a fridge or pump kicks in.

### Generator vs Solar Battery Calculator — Backup Power Cost Comparison | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/generator-vs-battery-calculator.html
Free backup power comparison: standby generator vs solar + battery. Compare 10-year cost including fuel and maintenance, and see why a battery also saves money every day, not just during outages. No email.
How it works: Generator 10-yr cost = upfront + 10 × (outage hours × fuel/hr + annual maintenance). It only costs money when it runs, but it earns nothing the rest of the time. Battery 10-yr net = upfront − 10 × 365 × daily savings. A solar battery offsets your bill every day (self-consumption, time-of-use arbitrage), so its effective cost falls over time — and can even go net-negative if daily savings are high. Key caveat: a battery has limited capacity per outage, while a generator runs as long as you have fuel.

### Home Electrification Calculator — Solar + EV + Heat Pump Sizing | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/home-electrification-calculator.html
Free home electrification calculator. See how adding an EV and a heat pump changes your electricity use, and size the solar system to cover an all-electric home. No email, no spam.
How it works: EV load = annual km ÷ 100 × kWh per 100 km . Heat pump is added directly in kWh/yr. Electrified total = baseline + EV + heat pump. Solar size = total ÷ (sun hours × (1 − losses) × 365) — enough annual generation to match the all-electric load. Note: covering it on an annual basis isn't the same as hour-by-hour; EV/heat-pump use is often at night, so a battery or net metering is needed to truly self-power those loads.

### Home & Office Solar Sizing Calculator — System, Panels & Backup | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/home-office-solar-calculator.html
Free home and office solar sizing calculator. Size your solar system, panel count and optional battery backup from your appliances or your monthly power bill. No signup.
How it works: From your bill: daily need = monthly kWh ÷ 30 × offset% . System size = daily need ÷ (sun hours × (1 − losses)) . From appliances: each appliance's watts × hours/day are summed into daily kWh, then the same array formula applies. Panels: system watts ÷ 400W per modern panel, rounded up. Battery backup (optional): sizes a bank to run your essential loads over the chosen window: (essential watts × hours) ÷ efficiency ÷ depth-of-discharge ÷ battery voltage . Grid-tied systems don't strictly need a battery; add one only if outage protection matters to you.

### HP to kW Calculator — Horsepower to Kilowatts | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/hp-to-kw-calculator.html
Free HP to kW calculator. Convert horsepower to kilowatts and watts (and back) for pumps, motors and generators, with electric and metric horsepower. No signup.
How it works: 1 HP (electric) = 746 W = 0.746 kW ; 1 metric HP (PS) = 735.5 W . So kW = HP × 0.746. A motor’s electrical input = output ÷ efficiency, so a 1 HP motor at 85% efficiency draws about 0.88 kW.

### Inverter Sizing Calculator — Continuous & Surge Watts | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/inverter-sizing-calculator.html
Free inverter sizing calculator. Add your appliance loads to find the continuous and peak (surge) inverter rating your solar or off-grid system needs. No signup.
How it works: 1. Running load = sum of watts × quantity for everything on at once. 2. Continuous rating adds a 25% safety margin: running × 1.25 . 3. Surge demand assumes motor loads spike to ~3× running watts on startup; we estimate peak as the running total plus the largest single item's extra surge. 4. Suggested inverter rounds the continuous figure up to the next common size (1000/1500/2000/3000/5000 W). Your inverter must handle both: enough continuous watts for everything running, and enough surge headroom for the brief startup spike.

### PM-KUSUM Solar Pump Calculator 2026 — Subsidy & Farmer Cost | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/kusum-solar-pump-calculator.html
Free PM-KUSUM solar pump calculator for Indian farmers. Work out the central (30% / 50%) and state subsidy, your out-of-pocket cost, and diesel savings for a standalone solar agricultural pump. No email, no spam.
How it works: For a standalone solar pump, the cost is shared three ways: • Central subsidy (CFA): 30% of the benchmark cost (or tendered price, whichever is lower). 50% in special-category states/UTs. • State subsidy: a minimum of 30%. • Farmer: the remaining ~40% (or ~20% in special states), of which part can be financed by a bank loan — typically you pay ~10% upfront. Subsidy is on the benchmark cost, so a tender price below benchmark still earns the same rupee subsidy. Component B covers pumps up to 15 HP for individual farmers. Source: MNRE / PM-KUSUM guidelines — verify current figures with your state

### kW to kVA Calculator — Real to Apparent Power | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/kw-to-kva-calculator.html
Free kW to kVA calculator. Convert real power (kW) to apparent power (kVA) using power factor, and back again, with reactive power (kVAR). For generators, inverters and transformers. No signup.
How it works: kVA = kW ÷ power factor and kW = kVA × power factor . Reactive power kVAR = √(kVA² − kW²) . Power factor is the ratio of useful (real) power to the total (apparent) power the source must supply.

### kWh to MJ Calculator — Energy Unit Converter | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/kwh-to-mj-calculator.html
Free kWh to MJ energy converter. Convert kilowatt-hours to megajoules, BTU, therms and kcal (and back). For solar production, bills and appliance energy. No signup.
How it works: All energy units convert through joules: 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ = 3,412 BTU , 1 therm = 105.5 MJ , 1 kcal = 4,184 J , 1 Wh = 3,600 J . So 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ, and 1 MJ ≈ 0.278 kWh.

### Mini-Split & AC Sizing Calculator — BTU, Tons & Watts | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/mini-split-calculator.html
Free mini-split and AC sizing calculator. Find the BTU, tonnage and electrical draw to cool a room by area and climate, plus the solar to run it. No signup.
How it works: 1. Base cooling load = floor area × BTU per ft² , where the BTU rate rises with heat and sun exposure (16 mild → 25 hot). 2. Adjustments add capacity for tall ceilings and for extra occupants (~600 BTU each beyond two). 3. Tonnage = BTU/hr ÷ 12,000 (one ton of cooling = 12,000 BTU/hr). 4. Electrical draw = BTU/hr ÷ SEER ; a higher SEER means the same cooling for fewer watts. Oversizing is a common error: an AC that's too big short-cycles, leaving the room cold and clammy while wasting power.

### NEM 3.0 Calculator — California Solar Battery Payback & Net Billing (2026) | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/nem-3-california-battery-calculator.html
Free NEM 3.0 calculator for California. See why solar-only barely saves under net billing — and how a battery that shifts power into the 4–9 PM peak changes the math. Solar-only vs solar+battery payback, with SGIP. No email.
How it works: Solar-only under NEM 3.0: the solar you use on-site as it's produced saves your retail rate; surplus you export earns only the avoided-cost rate (~5–8¢). Because most solar is produced midday but used in the evening, a solar-only system exports a lot of cheap power and still buys expensive peak power — so savings are limited. Adding a battery: instead of exporting midday surplus at ~7¢, you store it and discharge it during the 4–9 PM peak, avoiding grid power at ~40–55¢. The battery's extra value ≈ energy cycled daily × (peak rate − export rate). That spread is the whole point — and it's why, 

### NEPRA Prosumer Regulations 2026 Calculator — Net Billing Bill Estimator (SRO 251) | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/nepra-net-billing-calculator-pakistan.html
Free calculator for Pakistan's NEPRA Prosumer Regulations 2026 (SRO 251(I)/2026, sometimes mis-cited as SRO 547). See how net billing changes your solar bill — new ~Rs 11/unit buyback, legacy vs new rates, the 80% transformer cap — for any DISCO (LESCO, K-Electric, IESCO and more). No email.
How it works: The shift: SRO 251(I)/2026 (notified 9 Feb 2026) repealed the 2015 net-metering framework and introduced net billing . Instead of swapping exported units 1-for-1 against imports at retail price, you now pay your normal tariff on imports and are paid the National Average Energy Purchase Price (~₨11/unit) for exports. Existing vs new: valid agreements approved before 9 Feb 2026 keep their old rate until the contract expires. An April 2026 amendment (retrospective to 9 Feb) confirmed this protection — but a material modification such as expanding your system forfeits it. New connection limits: a 

### Off-Grid & Hybrid Solar Calculator — Array, Battery & Inverter Sizing | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/off-grid-solar-calculator.html
Free off-grid and hybrid solar system calculator. Size the solar array, battery bank (with days of autonomy and depth of discharge) and inverter from your daily load. Compares lithium vs lead-acid. No email.
How it works: Array = daily Wh ÷ (sun hours × (1 − losses)) — big enough to both run the day's load and recharge the battery. Battery (Wh) = daily Wh × autonomy days ÷ depth-of-discharge — lithium uses ~80% of capacity, lead-acid only ~50%, so lead-acid banks must be far larger. Battery (Ah) = battery Wh ÷ bank voltage . Higher voltage (48V) means lower current and thinner cables. Inverter sized to your peak simultaneous load with headroom. Hybrid systems need much less battery because the grid covers shortfalls.

### Ohm’s Law Calculator — Volts, Amps, Ohms & Watts | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/ohms-law-calculator.html
Free Ohm’s law calculator. Enter any two of voltage, current, resistance and power to solve the other two (V=IR, P=VI). For solar, battery and DC wiring. No signup.
How it works: The Ohm’s law wheel links all four: V = I × R , P = V × I , P = I² × R , V = √(P × R) . Give any two quantities and the other two are fixed. Voltage in volts, current in amps, resistance in ohms, power in watts.

### On-Grid Solar Calculator India 2026 — Net Metering, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/on-grid-solar-calculator-india.html
Free on-grid (grid-tied) solar calculator for India. Size a net-metered rooftop system, apply the PM Surya Ghar subsidy, and see bill offset, net cost and payback. No battery, no email, no spam.
How it works: On-grid (grid-tied) systems have no battery — solar runs your daytime load and any surplus is exported to the grid through a net meter . At night you draw from the grid. Under net metering , exported units are credited at your retail tariff, so you effectively bank daytime surplus against night-time use. Under net billing , exports are credited at a lower rate, so self-consuming more is worth more. Savings = self-consumed units × tariff + exported units × export rate. The PM Surya Ghar subsidy reduces the upfront cost (₹30,000/kW to 2 kW, +₹18,000 for the 3rd, capped ₹78,000 for 3 kW+). Source

### Pool Heater Sizing Calculator — BTU & Heat Pump | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/pool-heater-calculator.html
Free pool heater sizing calculator. Find the BTU and heat-pump size to heat your pool by volume, temperature rise and surface area, plus electrical draw. No signup.
How it works: 1. Energy to heat the water = gallons × 8.34 × temperature rise (in BTU). One BTU raises one pound of water 1°F, and a gallon weighs 8.34 lb. 2. Heater BTU/hr to hit that in your chosen time = total BTU ÷ hours, plus a margin for surface heat loss. 3. The surface-area rule of thumb cross-checks this: surface ft² × rise × 12 . 4. A heat pump multiplies electrical input ~5× (COP ≈ 5), so electrical kW = BTU/hr ÷ 3412 ÷ COP . Heat pumps sip electricity (great for solar); gas heaters are faster but burn fuel.

### Roof Area Solar Calculator — How Many Panels Fit on Your Roof? | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/roof-area-solar-calculator.html
Free roof area solar calculator. Enter your roof size in sq ft or sq m to see how many panels fit, the kW capacity, and daily and yearly generation. No email needed.
How it works: Usable area = roof area × usable% × packing% (converted to m²; 1 m² = 10.764 sq ft). Panels = usable area ÷ panel area. Capacity = panels × panel wattage. Generation = kW × sun hours × 0.8 derate daily; ×365 for the year. The result also shows your roof’s effective sq ft-per-kW so you can sanity-check installer claims.

### RV, Van & Boat Solar Calculator — Battery, Solar & Inverter | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/rv-van-solar-calculator.html
Free RV, van, boat and tiny-home solar calculator. Toggle your appliances to size the battery bank, solar array and inverter for your off-grid build — all at once. No signup.
How it works: 1. Daily use: each appliance's watts × hours per day, summed into total Wh/day. 2. Battery bank: (daily Wh × autonomy) ÷ efficiency ÷ depth-of-discharge ÷ battery voltage → amp-hours. Lithium gives ~90% usable, so the bank is smaller than lead-acid for the same energy. 3. Solar array: daily Wh ÷ (sun hours × (1 − losses)) → watts of panel needed to refill each day. 4. Inverter: the AC appliances' running watts × 1.25 safety margin, rounded to a common size. The single most-overlooked load is a compressor fridge — it runs around the clock, so it usually dominates the daily total.

### Series vs Parallel Wiring Calculator & Visualizer | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/series-parallel-calculator.html
Free series vs parallel wiring visualizer for solar panels and batteries. See how series and parallel connections change voltage and capacity, with a live diagram. No signup.
How it works: Series (positive of one unit to negative of the next): voltages add, capacity stays the same. Two 12V 100Ah batteries in series = 24V 100Ah . Parallel (all positives together, all negatives together): capacity adds, voltage stays the same. Two 12V 100Ah in parallel = 12V 200Ah . Series-parallel : combine both to raise voltage and capacity at once — wire equal-size strings in series, then join the strings in parallel. Total stored energy (watt-hours) is the same for series and parallel with the same units — only the voltage/current split differs. Higher voltage means thinner wiring for the same

### How Many Solar Panels to Run an AC? — Solar AC Calculator | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-ac-calculator.html
Free solar AC calculator. Find how many solar panels you need to run a 1, 1.5 or 2-ton air conditioner — inverter or fixed-speed — plus battery size for night use. No email.
How it works: Average draw : rated input ≈ tons × 1,000 W (inverter) or tons × 1,200 W (fixed-speed); the effective running average applies a duty factor of 0.75 (inverter, once the room stabilises) or 0.85 (fixed, compressor cycling). Daily energy = average draw × hours . Array = daily energy ÷ (sun hours × 0.8 derate) ; panels = array ÷ panel wattage. Battery covers the night share: night kWh ÷ (90% round-trip × 80% DoD) . Inverter : rated draw × 1.25 (inverter AC, soft-start) or × 3 surge allowance (fixed-speed).

### Solar Calculator Andaman & Nicobar 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-andaman-nicobar.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy and savings for Andaman & Nicobar homes, with island net metering, diesel context and sun hours built in.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Andhra Pradesh 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-andhra-pradesh.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy and savings in Andhra Pradesh with APSPDCL, APEPDCL and APCPDCL tariffs and net-metering rules explained.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Arizona 2026 — Savings, Payback & Export Rates | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-arizona.html
Free Arizona solar calculator for 2026. Model 14.5 cent power, APS, SRP and TEP net-billing export rates, 10-year rate locks and honest post-federal payback.
How it works: System size comes from your annual usage (bill ÷ rate) and state sun-hours. Savings = self-consumed solar × your retail rate + exported solar × your export credit. Under full retail net metering, export ≈ retail; under net billing / NEM 3.0, export is a fraction of retail, so self-consumption (and a battery) is worth far more. Federal credit (2026): the residential 30% ITC (Section 25D) expired for owned systems placed in service after 31 December 2025. So this defaults to 0% for cash/loan purchases. A lease or PPA can still pass through ~30% because the provider claims the commercial 48E cred

### Solar Calculator Arunachal Pradesh 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-arunachal-pradesh.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, Department of Power net metering savings and PM Surya Ghar subsidy in Arunachal Pradesh for 2026 with the free ProSolarCalc.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Assam 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-assam.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy, APDCL net metering and savings for Assam homes with our free calculator, tuned for North East sunshine.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### STC Rebate Calculator Australia 2026 — Solar & Battery Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-australia.html
Free Australian STC solar rebate calculator. Work out your Small-scale Technology Certificate discount by zone and system size, plus battery STCs, feed-in tariff income, payback and savings. 2026 deeming period. No email, no installer spam.
How it works: Solar STCs = system size (kW) × zone rating × deeming years (rounded down). Zone ratings: Zone 1 = 1.622, Zone 2 = 1.536, Zone 3 = 1.382, Zone 4 = 1.185. Deeming years = whole years from install to 31 Dec 2030 (4 in 2026, 3 in 2027, 2 in 2028, 1 in 2029). Rebate = STCs × STC price (≈$35–$40 each), applied as an upfront discount. Battery STCs are tiered on usable capacity: 100% of the factor on the first 14 kWh, 60% on 14–28 kWh, 15% on 28–50 kWh, with the per-kWh factor (6.8 from May 2026) declining over time. Savings = self-consumed solar × your rate + exported solar × feed-in tariff. Source:

### Solar Calculator Bangladesh 2026 — Rooftop Cost, Net Metering & Payback | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-bangladesh.html
Free Bangladesh solar calculator for 2026. Model Tk 5-13 slab tariffs, SREDA net metering, quarterly bulk-rate settlement and realistic rooftop payback.
How it works: System size = annual usage (bill ÷ rate × 12) ÷ (daily generation × 365). Savings = self-consumed solar × your retail rate + exported solar × the export credit. Net cost = size × cost/W − any upfront incentive. Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings; the 25-year figure applies ~3%/yr tariff escalation and 0.5%/yr panel degradation. Defaults are researched 2026 figures for Bangladesh — every field is editable.

### Solar Calculator Bihar 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-bihar.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy and savings in Bihar with NBPDCL and SBPDCL tariffs, net metering and generation figures clearly explained.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Brazil 2026 — Lei 14.300, Savings & Payback | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-brazil.html
Free solar calculator for Brazil: Lei 14.300 SCEE credits, Fio B 2026 schedule, R$/kWh tariffs, payback in 3-4 years. Updated for 2026.
How it works: System size = annual usage (bill ÷ rate × 12) ÷ (daily generation × 365). Savings = self-consumed solar × your retail rate + exported solar × the export credit. Net cost = size × cost/W − any upfront incentive. Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings; the 25-year figure applies ~3%/yr tariff escalation and 0.5%/yr panel degradation. Defaults are researched 2026 figures for Brazil — every field is editable.

### Solar Calculator Canada 2026 — Net Metering by Province, Costs & Payback | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-canada.html
Free 2026 Canada solar calculator: province-by-province net metering, Greener Homes loan status, cold-climate output, C$ cost per watt and honest payback.
How it works: System size = annual usage (bill ÷ rate × 12) ÷ (daily generation × 365). Savings = self-consumed solar × your retail rate + exported solar × the export credit. Net cost = size × cost/W − any upfront incentive. Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings; the 25-year figure applies ~3%/yr tariff escalation and 0.5%/yr panel degradation. Defaults are researched 2026 figures for Canada — every field is editable.

### Solar Calculator Chandigarh 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-chandigarh.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy and monthly savings for Chandigarh homes on CED net metering, with local tariffs and sun hours built in.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Chhattisgarh 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-chhattisgarh.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy, CSPDCL net metering and yearly savings for Chhattisgarh homes with our free, easy-to-use solar calculator.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-daman-diu.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, DNHDDPDCL net metering savings and PM Surya Ghar subsidy for Daman, Diu and Dadra Nagar Haveli in 2026 with the free ProSolarCalc.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Delhi 2026 — Cost, Subsidy, GBI & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-delhi.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy, Delhi GBI and monthly savings for BRPL, BYPL and Tata Power-DDL homes with our free Delhi calculator.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Florida 2026 — Net Metering, Savings & Payback | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-florida.html
Florida solar math for 2026: full-retail net metering under FPSC Rule 25-6.065, property and sales tax exemptions, ~5.2 sun hours, and post-credit payback.
How it works: System size comes from your annual usage (bill ÷ rate) and state sun-hours. Savings = self-consumed solar × your retail rate + exported solar × your export credit. Under full retail net metering, export ≈ retail; under net billing / NEM 3.0, export is a fraction of retail, so self-consumption (and a battery) is worth far more. Federal credit (2026): the residential 30% ITC (Section 25D) expired for owned systems placed in service after 31 December 2025. So this defaults to 0% for cash/loan purchases. A lease or PPA can still pass through ~30% because the provider claims the commercial 48E cred

### Photovoltaik Calculator Germany 2026 — Einspeisevergütung & Eigenverbrauch | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-germany.html
Free Germany solar (Photovoltaik) calculator. Compare Teileinspeisung vs Volleinspeisung feed-in tariffs (2026 EEG rates), self-consumption with a battery, 20-year payback and yield. No email, no installer spam.
How it works: Yield = kWp × specific yield . Teileinspeisung: you self-consume part of the solar (saving your grid price, ~36 ct/kWh) and feed the surplus in at the lower EEG rate (7.78 ct/kWh ≤10 kWp). A battery raises self-consumption from ~30% to ~70%. Volleinspeisung: all output is fed in at the higher rate (12.35 ct/kWh ≤10 kWp), with no self-consumption benefit — only better for homes that use very little power. Above 10 kWp the rate is tiered (the portion over 10 kWp earns less); the calculator uses the weighted average. The rate locks for 20 years. Source: EEG / Bundesnetzagentur — verify current ra

### Solar Calculator Goa 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-goa.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy, GED net-metering savings and payback for Goa homes with our free 2026 rooftop solar savings calculator.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Gujarat 2026 — Cost, PM Surya Ghar Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-gujarat.html
Free Gujarat solar calculator for 2026: estimate rooftop cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy up to Rs 78,000, net metering savings and payback for UGVCL, DGVCL and Torrent homes.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Haryana 2026 - Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-haryana.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy, UHBVN and DHBVN net-metering savings and payback for Haryana homes with our free 2026 solar calculator.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Himachal Pradesh 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-himachal-pradesh.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy, HPSEBL net-metering savings and payback for Himachal Pradesh homes with our free 2026 solar calculator.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator by State — All India States & UTs (2026) | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-india-states.html
Localized rooftop solar calculators for every Indian state and union territory — PM Surya Ghar subsidy, local tariff, sun-hours and net-metering for all 28 states and 8 UTs. Free, no signup.

### Solar Calculator India 2026 — PM Surya Ghar Subsidy, Cost & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-india.html
Free India solar calculator with PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana subsidy (₹30,000–₹78,000), system cost, monthly bill savings, EMI on the 7% government loan, and your free-electricity date. No email, no installer spam.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Italy 2026 — Ritiro Dedicato, Detrazione 50% | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-italy.html
Free solar calculator for Italy: Scambio sul Posto closed, Ritiro Dedicato surplus prices, 50%/36% detrazione and realistic paybacks for 2026.
How it works: System size = annual usage (bill ÷ rate × 12) ÷ (daily generation × 365). Savings = self-consumed solar × your retail rate + exported solar × the export credit. Net cost = size × cost/W − any upfront incentive. Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings; the 25-year figure applies ~3%/yr tariff escalation and 0.5%/yr panel degradation. Defaults are researched 2026 figures for Italy — every field is editable.

### Solar Calculator Jammu & Kashmir 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-jammu-kashmir.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy and savings in Jammu & Kashmir. JPDCL and KPDCL tariffs, net metering and sun-hours for accurate sizing.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Jharkhand 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-jharkhand.html
Work out rooftop solar cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy, JBVNL net metering and yearly savings for Jharkhand homes with our free, easy-to-use solar calculator.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Karnataka 2026 — Cost, PM Surya Ghar Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-karnataka.html
Free Karnataka solar calculator 2026: estimate rooftop cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy up to ₹78,000, BESCOM DSPV net metering, generation and monthly savings.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Kenya 2026 — KPLC Savings, Net Metering & Payback | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-kenya.html
Free Kenya solar calculator for 2026. Model KPLC bills near KSh 28/kWh, the 4 kW net-metering cap, real install costs per watt and honest payback times.
How it works: System size = annual usage (bill ÷ rate × 12) ÷ (daily generation × 365). Savings = self-consumed solar × your retail rate + exported solar × the export credit. Net cost = size × cost/W − any upfront incentive. Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings; the 25-year figure applies ~3%/yr tariff escalation and 0.5%/yr panel degradation. Defaults are researched 2026 figures for Kenya — every field is editable.

### Solar Calculator Kerala 2026 - Cost, PM Surya Ghar Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-kerala.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, KSEB net metering savings and PM Surya Ghar subsidy in Kerala for 2026 with ProSolarCalc, a free and honest solar calculator.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Ladakh 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-ladakh.html
Work out rooftop solar cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy and savings in Ladakh. Ladakh PDD tariffs, high-altitude sun-hours and cold-climate net-metering notes.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Lakshadweep 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-lakshadweep.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy and savings for Lakshadweep homes, with island net metering, diesel context and strong sun hours built in.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Madhya Pradesh 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-madhya-pradesh.html
Work out rooftop solar cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy, net metering and savings for MP homes across MPPKVVCL, MPMKVVCL and MPPaKVVCL with our free calculator.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Maharashtra 2026 — Cost, PM Surya Ghar Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-maharashtra.html
Free Maharashtra solar calculator for 2026: estimate rooftop cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy up to Rs 78,000, net metering savings and payback for MSEDCL, Adani and Tata homes.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Manipur 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-manipur.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, MSPDCL net metering savings and PM Surya Ghar subsidy in Manipur for 2026 with the free and honest ProSolarCalc calculator.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Massachusetts 2026 — SMART, State Credit & Payback | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-massachusetts.html
Massachusetts solar math for 2026: ~29-cent electricity, net metering, SMART and ConnectedSolutions payments, plus the 15% state credit up to $1,000.
How it works: System size comes from your annual usage (bill ÷ rate) and state sun-hours. Savings = self-consumed solar × your retail rate + exported solar × your export credit. Under full retail net metering, export ≈ retail; under net billing / NEM 3.0, export is a fraction of retail, so self-consumption (and a battery) is worth far more. Federal credit (2026): the residential 30% ITC (Section 25D) expired for owned systems placed in service after 31 December 2025. So this defaults to 0% for cash/loan purchases. A lease or PPA can still pass through ~30% because the provider claims the commercial 48E cred

### Solar Calculator Meghalaya 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-meghalaya.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, MePDCL net-metering savings and PM Surya Ghar subsidy in Meghalaya for 2026 with ProSolarCalc, a free honest solar calculator.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Mizoram 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-mizoram.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, P&ED net-metering savings and PM Surya Ghar subsidy in Mizoram for 2026 with ProSolarCalc, a free and honest solar calculator.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Nagaland 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-nagaland.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, Department of Power net metering savings and PM Surya Ghar subsidy in Nagaland for 2026 with the free ProSolarCalc calculator.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Netherlands 2026 — Salderen Ends 2027, Savings & Payback | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-netherlands.html
Free 2026 solar calculator for the Netherlands: salderen ends 1 Jan 2027, feed-in payments after, 0% BTW, plus realistic payback with batteries and self-use.
How it works: System size = annual usage (bill ÷ rate × 12) ÷ (daily generation × 365). Savings = self-consumed solar × your retail rate + exported solar × the export credit. Net cost = size × cost/W − any upfront incentive. Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings; the 25-year figure applies ~3%/yr tariff escalation and 0.5%/yr panel degradation. Defaults are researched 2026 figures for Netherlands — every field is editable.

### Solar Calculator New Jersey 2026 — Savings, SREC-II & Payback | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-new-jersey.html
New Jersey solar in 2026: ~23.5-cent power, full retail net metering, and SREC-II payments near $85 per MWh for 15 years. Run your savings and payback.
How it works: System size comes from your annual usage (bill ÷ rate) and state sun-hours. Savings = self-consumed solar × your retail rate + exported solar × your export credit. Under full retail net metering, export ≈ retail; under net billing / NEM 3.0, export is a fraction of retail, so self-consumption (and a battery) is worth far more. Federal credit (2026): the residential 30% ITC (Section 25D) expired for owned systems placed in service after 31 December 2025. So this defaults to 0% for cash/loan purchases. A lease or PPA can still pass through ~30% because the provider claims the commercial 48E cred

### Solar Calculator New York 2026 — Savings, NY-Sun & 25% State Credit | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-new-york.html
Free New York solar calculator for 2026. Model 24 cent power, 1-to-1 net metering with the CBC charge, NY-Sun rebates and the 25% state credit up to $5,000.
How it works: System size comes from your annual usage (bill ÷ rate) and state sun-hours. Savings = self-consumed solar × your retail rate + exported solar × your export credit. Under full retail net metering, export ≈ retail; under net billing / NEM 3.0, export is a fraction of retail, so self-consumption (and a battery) is worth far more. Federal credit (2026): the residential 30% ITC (Section 25D) expired for owned systems placed in service after 31 December 2025. So this defaults to 0% for cash/loan purchases. A lease or PPA can still pass through ~30% because the provider claims the commercial 48E cred

### Solar Calculator Nigeria 2026 — Cost, Savings vs Gensets & Payback | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-nigeria.html
Free Nigeria solar calculator for 2026. Model Band A tariffs near N210/kWh, generator fuel savings, battery sizing and honest payback with no net metering.
How it works: System size = annual usage (bill ÷ rate × 12) ÷ (daily generation × 365). Savings = self-consumed solar × your retail rate + exported solar × the export credit. Net cost = size × cost/W − any upfront incentive. Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings; the 25-year figure applies ~3%/yr tariff escalation and 0.5%/yr panel degradation. Defaults are researched 2026 figures for Nigeria — every field is editable.

### Solar Calculator Odisha 2026 - Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-odisha.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy, Tata Power DISCOM net-metering savings and payback for Odisha homes with our free 2026 solar calculator now.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Pakistan 2026 — Net Billing, Savings & Payback (NEPRA) | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-pakistan.html
Free solar calculator for Pakistan. Size a rooftop system under the 2026 NEPRA net-billing rules, with the new buyback rate, high import tariffs, self-consumption and payback in PKR. No email, no spam.
How it works: Net billing (2026 rules): since 9 Feb 2026, new rooftop consumers pay the normal tariff for grid imports, and exported surplus is bought back at a lower rate (~₨11/unit) instead of the old near-retail net-metering rate. Savings = self-consumed units × your tariff + exported units × buyback rate. Because the buyback is now far below the tariff, self-consumption is far more valuable than exporting — a battery that raises self-use toward ~85% meaningfully increases savings. Existing net-metering customers keep their old rate until their contract expires. Plot-size sizing: if you size by plot, the

### Solar Calculator Philippines 2026 — Net Metering, Savings & Payback | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-philippines.html
Free 2026 solar calculator for the Philippines. Estimate savings at Meralco rates near ₱13-14/kWh, ERC net metering export credits, system size and payback.
How it works: System size = annual usage (bill ÷ rate × 12) ÷ (daily generation × 365). Savings = self-consumed solar × your retail rate + exported solar × the export credit. Net cost = size × cost/W − any upfront incentive. Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings; the 25-year figure applies ~3%/yr tariff escalation and 0.5%/yr panel degradation. Defaults are researched 2026 figures for Philippines — every field is editable.

### Solar Calculator Puducherry 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-puducherry.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy and savings in Puducherry. PED tariffs, coastal sun-hours and net metering for accurate system sizing.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Punjab 2026 - Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-punjab.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy, PSPCL net-metering savings and payback for Punjab homes with our free 2026 solar calculator and example.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Rajasthan 2026 - Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-rajasthan.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy, net metering savings and fast payback for sun-rich Rajasthan homes with our free 2026 calculator.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Saudi Arabia 2026 — WERA Net Billing, Savings & Payback | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-saudi-arabia.html
Free 2026 Saudi solar calculator. Model SEC tariffs of 18-30 halalas/kWh, WERA net billing export credits, system cost in SR, realistic savings and payback.
How it works: System size = annual usage (bill ÷ rate × 12) ÷ (daily generation × 365). Savings = self-consumed solar × your retail rate + exported solar × the export credit. Net cost = size × cost/W − any upfront incentive. Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings; the 25-year figure applies ~3%/yr tariff escalation and 0.5%/yr panel degradation. Defaults are researched 2026 figures for Saudi Arabia — every field is editable.

### Solar Calculator Sikkim 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-sikkim.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, Energy and Power Department net metering savings and PM Surya Ghar subsidy in Sikkim for 2026 with the free ProSolarCalc.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator South Africa 2026 — Savings, Payback & Load-Shedding Backup | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-south-africa.html
Free South Africa solar calculator. See rooftop savings and payback against rising Eskom tariffs, plus battery backup sizing for load-shedding (by stage). Resilience and economics in rand. No email.
How it works: Economics (the main case): rooftop solar generates power at roughly R0.95/kWh over 25 years versus a grid tariff around R3/kWh and climbing — so savings = solar units × tariff, and payback has compressed to under 5 years for many homes. Every Eskom increase makes solar more valuable. Resilience (the backup case): load-shedding is paused but may return as coal retires (2027–2030). A battery sized to your essential load × the hours of a load-shedding block keeps the lights on. Backup battery (kWh) ≈ essential kW × stage hours ÷ usable depth . Businesses may also claim accelerated/enhanced tax de

### Solar Calculator Spain 2026 — Autoconsumo, Surplus & Payback | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-spain.html
Free solar calculator for Spain: autoconsumo savings, surplus compensation rates, IBI rebates and 5-7 year paybacks at €1.2-1.6/W. Updated 2026.
How it works: System size = annual usage (bill ÷ rate × 12) ÷ (daily generation × 365). Savings = self-consumed solar × your retail rate + exported solar × the export credit. Net cost = size × cost/W − any upfront incentive. Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings; the 25-year figure applies ~3%/yr tariff escalation and 0.5%/yr panel degradation. Defaults are researched 2026 figures for Spain — every field is editable.

### Solar Calculator Tamil Nadu 2026 — Cost, PM Surya Ghar Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-tamil-nadu.html
Free Tamil Nadu solar calculator 2026: estimate rooftop cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy up to ₹78,000, TANGEDCO net metering and feed-in, generation and savings.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Telangana 2026 - Cost, PM Surya Ghar Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-telangana.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, TGSPDCL net metering savings and PM Surya Ghar subsidy in Telangana for 2026 with ProSolarCalc, a free honest solar calculator.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Texas 2026 — Savings, Payback & Buyback Plans | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-texas.html
Estimate Texas rooftop solar savings for 2026: ~15.5 c/kWh retail power, provider buyback plans instead of net metering, honest post-tax-credit payback math.
How it works: System size comes from your annual usage (bill ÷ rate) and state sun-hours. Savings = self-consumed solar × your retail rate + exported solar × your export credit. Under full retail net metering, export ≈ retail; under net billing / NEM 3.0, export is a fraction of retail, so self-consumption (and a battery) is worth far more. Federal credit (2026): the residential 30% ITC (Section 25D) expired for owned systems placed in service after 31 December 2025. So this defaults to 0% for cash/loan purchases. A lease or PPA can still pass through ~30% because the provider claims the commercial 48E cred

### Solar Calculator Tripura 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-tripura.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, TSECL net metering savings and PM Surya Ghar subsidy in Tripura for 2026 with ProSolarCalc, a free and honest solar calculator.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator UAE 2026 — Shams Dubai Net Metering, Savings & Payback | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-uae.html
Free 2026 UAE solar calculator. Model DEWA slab tariffs of 23-38 fils/kWh, Shams Dubai net metering credits, villa system sizing, cost and payback in AED.
How it works: System size = annual usage (bill ÷ rate × 12) ÷ (daily generation × 365). Savings = self-consumed solar × your retail rate + exported solar × the export credit. Net cost = size × cost/W − any upfront incentive. Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings; the 25-year figure applies ~3%/yr tariff escalation and 0.5%/yr panel degradation. Defaults are researched 2026 figures for United Arab Emirates — every field is editable.

### Solar Calculator UK 2026 — Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) Savings & Payback | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-uk.html
Free UK solar calculator. Size a rooftop system, set your Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) rate, and see self-consumption savings, export income and payback in pounds. Battery comparison included. No email.
How it works: There's no upfront subsidy — the old Feed-in Tariff closed in 2019. Savings come from: • Self-consumption: every unit you use yourself avoids the import price (~24.5p/kWh) — the biggest saving. • SEG export: surplus sent to the grid earns your supplier's SEG rate. These vary a lot (≈4p standard up to ~16.5p; Octopus Flux/Agile reach 24–30p at peak with a battery), and you can switch export supplier independently of your import supplier — "tied" rates require taking import from the same supplier. Because import price is much higher than most SEG rates, using your own solar is worth roughly 2–5×

### Solar Calculator USA 2026 — Savings, Payback & Net Metering by State | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-usa.html
Free US solar calculator. Estimate savings and payback by state, with the honest 2026 federal tax-credit situation (the residential 30% ITC ended for owners after 2025), net-metering options including NEM 3.0, and battery economics. No email, no spam.
How it works: System size comes from your annual usage (bill ÷ rate) and state sun-hours. Savings = self-consumed solar × your retail rate + exported solar × your export credit. Under full retail net metering, export ≈ retail; under net billing / NEM 3.0, export is a fraction of retail, so self-consumption (and a battery) is worth far more. Federal credit (2026): the residential 30% ITC (Section 25D) expired for owned systems placed in service after 31 December 2025. So this defaults to 0% for cash/loan purchases. A lease or PPA can still pass through ~30% because the provider claims the commercial 48E cred

### Solar Calculator Uttar Pradesh 2026 - Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-uttar-pradesh.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, PM Surya Ghar plus UP state subsidy, net metering savings and payback for Uttar Pradesh homes with our free 2026 calculator.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator Uttarakhand 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-uttarakhand.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy, UPCL net-metering savings and payback for Uttarakhand homes with our free 2026 rooftop solar calculator.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Calculator West Bengal 2026 — Cost, Subsidy & Savings | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-calculator-west-bengal.html
Estimate rooftop solar cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy and savings in West Bengal with WBSEDCL and CESC tariffs plus WBERC net-billing rules clearly explained.
How it works: Central subsidy slabs (residential, as of May 2026): • Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000 per kW (1 kW = ₹30,000; 2 kW = ₹60,000) • 3rd kW: +₹18,000 (so 3 kW = ₹78,000) • 3 kW and above: capped at ₹78,000 (no extra above 3 kW; residential eligibility up to 10 kW) Net cost = system cost − central subsidy − state top-up . Annual savings = annual units generated × tariff (capped at your usage). Payback = net cost ÷ annual savings ; the free-electricity date is today plus the payback period. Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / pmsuryaghar.gov.in — verify current values before applying.

### Solar Carbon Offset Calculator — CO₂ Avoided, Trees & Cars Equivalent | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-carbon-offset-calculator.html
Free solar carbon offset calculator. See how much CO₂ your solar system avoids each year and over 25 years, in relatable terms — trees planted, cars off the road, and flights. No email.
How it works: Annual CO₂ avoided = annual kWh generated × grid carbon intensity (kg CO₂/kWh) . Equivalences use standard factors: ~21 kg CO₂ absorbed per tree per year, ~4.6 tonnes per average car per year, ~0.5 tonnes per London–New York round-trip flight. The 25-year figure applies gentle panel degradation. Savings are highest on coal-heavy grids because solar there displaces the dirtiest power.

### Solar Load Calculator — Daily Watt-Hours & System Size from Your Appliances | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-load-calculator.html
Free solar load calculator. List your appliances with quantity, wattage and hours of use to total your daily watt-hours (Wh) and get a recommended system size. Feeds straight into off-grid sizing. No email.
How it works: For each appliance: Wh/day = watts × quantity × hours used per day . Summing these gives your total daily load . Recommended array = daily Wh ÷ (peak sun hours × (1 − losses)) — large enough to generate your daily energy in the sun you actually get. Running load is all appliances on at once (watts × qty), used to suggest a minimum inverter size with headroom. Motors (pumps, fridges, ACs) draw a brief surge several times higher at start-up — size the inverter generously for those.

### Solar Loan EMI Calculator India 2026 — PM Surya Ghar Finance (SBI & Banks) | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-loan-emi-calculator-india.html
Free solar loan EMI calculator for India. Enter system cost, PM Surya Ghar subsidy, interest rate and tenure to see your real monthly EMI, total interest, and how it compares to your electricity savings. Honest math — no teaser '₹0 down'. No email.
How it works: Loan amount = system cost − central subsidy − any state top-up. EMI uses the standard reducing-balance formula: EMI = P·r·(1+r)ⁿ / ((1+r)ⁿ − 1) , where P is the principal, r is the monthly rate (annual ÷ 12 ÷ 100), and n is the number of months. Subsidy timing matters. Under PM Surya Ghar the central subsidy is usually credited to your account ~30–45 days after commissioning — so in the realistic "prepay" mode the loan starts at the full cost and you prepay the subsidy against principal once it arrives (no penalty at most public-sector banks), which lowers your EMI from then on. Only choose "r

### Solar Output Calculator — Daily & Yearly kWh | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-output-calculator.html
Free solar output calculator. Estimate daily and yearly energy production from your panel wattage, peak sun hours and real-world system losses. No signup required.
How it works: 1. Ideal daily output = array watts × sun hours ÷ 1000 → kWh 2. Apply system losses: × (1 − losses%) 3. Apply an orientation factor for tilt/azimuth and shading. 4. Monthly = daily × 30; yearly = daily × 365. "Peak sun hours" already bundles seasonal and daily intensity variation into a single daily average, which is why it's the standard input for quick production estimates.

### Solar Panel Comparison Calculator — Compare Two Panels Over 25 Years | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-panel-comparison-calculator.html
Free solar panel comparison tool. Put two panels side by side — wattage, efficiency, price, degradation — and see 25-year output, cost per watt, cost per kWh and which is the better value. No email.
How it works: Each panel's 25-year output = annual kWh ( watts ÷ 1000 × sun hours × 365 ) summed over 25 years with its degradation rate applied each year. Cost per watt = price ÷ wattage (lower is cheaper hardware). Lifetime cost per kWh = price ÷ 25-year output — the truest value measure, since a pricier but more efficient, slower-degrading panel can deliver cheaper energy overall. Efficiency mainly matters when roof space is limited (more watts per m²).

### Solar Savings & Payback Calculator (2026 Accurate) | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-savings-calculator.html
Free solar savings and payback calculator. Enter your power bill and local rate to estimate system cost, payback period and 25-year savings — with correct 2026 incentive rules. No email required.
How it works: 1. Annual usage = monthly bill × 12 ÷ rate → kWh/year 2. Solar-covered usage = annual usage × offset% 3. System size needed (kW) is derived from covered usage and assumed yearly production per kW. 4. Gross cost = system watts × cost per watt ; net cost = gross × (1 − credit%) 5. Annual savings = covered usage × rate; payback = net cost ÷ annual savings . The 25-year figure compounds a ~3% annual utility-rate increase and subtracts the net cost, giving a rough lifetime net benefit.

### Solar String Sizing Calculator — Panels per String & Voltage Limits | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-string-sizing-calculator.html
Free solar string sizing calculator. Find the safe min and max number of panels per series string using temperature-corrected Voc and Vmp against your inverter's voltage window. Avoid over-voltage in cold weather.
How it works: Panel voltage rises as temperature falls, so the coldest day produces the highest string voltage — that's the danger. Voc at cold = Voc × (1 + tempCoef% × (T min − 25)) . Max panels per string = floor(inverter max V ÷ cold Voc) — keeps you under the limit even on the coldest morning. Vmp at hot = Vmp × (1 + tempCoef% × (T max − 25)) . Min panels per string = ceil(MPPT min V ÷ hot Vmp) — keeps the string voltage high enough to track in summer heat. STC ratings are at 25°C. Always size from real local extremes and confirm against the inverter datasheet.

### Solar System Size & Panel Count Calculator | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-system-size-calculator.html
Free solar system size calculator. Turn your monthly kWh usage and local sun hours into the kW system size, number of panels and roof area you need. No signup.
How it works: 1. Daily need = monthly kWh ÷ 30 × offset% 2. Account for losses: ÷ (1 − losses%) to get the energy panels must generate. 3. System size (kW) = adjusted daily kWh ÷ peak sun hours 4. Panel count = system watts ÷ panel wattage , rounded up. 5. Roof area assumes roughly 2 m² (about 21 ft²) of usable space per modern panel.

### Solar Panel Tilt Angle Calculator — Optimal & Seasonal Angles by Latitude | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-tilt-angle-calculator.html
Free solar panel tilt angle calculator. Enter your latitude (or use your location) to get the optimal year-round tilt plus summer, winter and spring/autumn angles for maximum energy. Works worldwide.
How it works: Optimal fixed (year-round): a good approximation is 0.76 × |latitude| + 3.1° , which slightly flattens the simple "tilt = latitude" rule to favour the stronger summer sun. Seasonal (adjustable mounts): summer ≈ latitude − 15° , winter ≈ latitude + 15° , spring/autumn ≈ latitude . Panels should face the equator: true south in the Northern Hemisphere, true north in the Southern Hemisphere. These are geometric optima; real output also depends on shading, roof orientation and temperature.

### Solar Water Heater vs PV Calculator — Savings & Payback | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/solar-water-heater-calculator.html
Free solar water heating calculator. Compare a thermal solar water heater against extra PV panels powering your electric geyser — energy, savings and payback for each.
How it works: Hot-water energy : litres × ΔT × 1.16 Wh — 150 L raised 25°C is ~4.35 kWh/day, ~1,590 kWh a year. SWH route : covers ~70% of that annually → saving = 0.7 × annual energy × rate; payback = cost ÷ saving. PV route : array to generate the daily energy = daily kWh ÷ (sun × 0.8) ; cost = kW × per-kW price; saving = full annual energy × rate (geyser now solar-powered by day); payback = cost ÷ saving.

### Solar Voltage Drop Calculator (AWG & mm²) | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/voltage-drop-calculator.html
Free voltage drop calculator for solar and off-grid wiring. Enter wire size, current and run length to get exact voltage drop and percentage, with a pass/fail check. No signup.
How it works: 1. Voltage drop = (2 × ρ × L × I) ÷ A — copper resistivity ρ, one-way length L, current I, cross-section A. The 2 covers the round-trip conductor. 2. Percentage = drop ÷ system voltage × 100 . 3. Power lost as heat = drop × current . A drop under 3% is generally fine; above 5% you lose noticeable power and the wire runs warm. If your result fails, use a thicker wire or shorten the run.

### Watts to Amps Calculator (W to A) — DC & AC | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/watts-to-amps-calculator.html
Free watts to amps calculator. Convert power (W/kW) to current (amps) for DC, AC single-phase and three-phase, with voltage and power factor. Works both ways. No signup.
How it works: For DC or a resistive AC load: Amps = Watts ÷ Volts . For AC single-phase : Amps = Watts ÷ (Volts × PF) . For AC three-phase : Amps = Watts ÷ (√3 × Volts × PF) . Reverse the formula to go from amps back to watts. Apparent power (kVA) = real power (kW) ÷ power factor.

### Well Pump Sizing Calculator — HP, Watts & Solar | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/well-pump-calculator.html
Free well pump sizing calculator. Find the pump horsepower and wattage you need from flow rate and total head, plus the solar array to run it. No signup.
How it works: 1. Total dynamic head = pumping depth + rise to the tank + pressure converted to head (1 psi ≈ 2.31 ft). 2. Hydraulic (water) horsepower = (flow GPM × total head ft) ÷ 3960 . 3. Motor horsepower = water HP ÷ pump efficiency (~60% typical), then rounded to a standard motor size. 4. Power draw = motor HP × 746 watts, adjusted for motor efficiency. 5. Solar to run it directly = power draw ÷ (sun hours ÷ 24)… in practice a solar pump runs only while the sun shines, so daily output = watts × sun hours. Head matters as much as flow — a deep well needs far more power than a shallow one at the same GP

### Solar Wire & Cable Gauge Calculator (AWG & mm²) | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/calculators/wire-size-calculator.html
Free solar wire size calculator. Enter current, run length and system voltage to get the safe cable gauge in AWG and mm² for your solar or off-grid wiring. No signup.
How it works: The voltage lost in a cable depends on its length, the current, and its cross-sectional area: 1. Voltage drop = (2 × ρ × L × I) ÷ A , where ρ is copper resistivity, L is the one-way length, I is current, and A is the wire's cross-section. The 2 accounts for the round trip (out and back). 2. We express that as a percentage of your system voltage, then pick the smallest standard wire whose drop stays at or under your target. 3. Results are shown in both AWG (American gauge) and mm² (metric) so they work anywhere. Thicker wire = lower resistance = less voltage lost and less heat. Long runs and hi

### Australia's STC Rebate, Explained | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/australia-stc-rebate-guide.html
How Australia's STC solar rebate works in 2026: the certificate formula, zone ratings, a 6.6 kW worked example, the new battery rebate and why it shrinks.

### How Much Electricity Does a Solar Panel Produce? | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/how-much-electricity-does-a-solar-panel-produce.html
How much electricity a solar panel really produces: the daily kWh formula, peak sun hours by climate, every loss quantified, and a worked whole-home example.

### Solar Guides & Articles — In-Depth Solar Energy Explainers | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/index.html
In-depth, honest guides on solar energy: how many panels you need, payback periods, subsidies and tax credits by country (India PM Surya Ghar, US ITC, NEM 3.0, UK SEG), batteries, and DIY wiring. Free, no sign-up.

### On-Grid vs Off-Grid vs Hybrid Solar (India) | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/on-grid-off-grid-hybrid-india.html
On-grid, off-grid and hybrid solar compared for India: cost per kW, PM Surya Ghar eligibility, power-cut behaviour, battery choices and a worked hybrid example.

### PM-KUSUM Solar Pump Guide for Farmers | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/pm-kusum-solar-pump-guide.html
PM-KUSUM explained for farmers: Components A, B and C, subsidy shares, eligible pump sizes, diesel-vs-solar payback maths, how to apply, and honest caveats.

### RV, Van & Boat Solar: The Complete Guide | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/rv-van-boat-solar-guide.html
Mobile solar plays by different rules: flat-mount losses, constant shade, DC-DC charging and LiFePO4. Honest sizing for vans, RVs and boats with a worked build.

### Wiring Solar Panels: Series vs Parallel | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/series-vs-parallel-solar-wiring.html
Series adds voltage, parallel adds current. See how each wiring choice changes wire size, shading losses, fusing and MPPT fit, with worked 4-panel examples.

### Sizing an Off-Grid Battery Bank | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/sizing-off-grid-battery-bank.html
Size an off-grid battery bank with the honest four-step method: audited daily load, days of autonomy, depth of discharge and efficiency, with a worked example.

### Solar in Germany: EEG & Eigenverbrauch | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/solar-in-germany-eeg-guide.html
How Germany's EEG feed-in tariff works in 2026: current rates and 20-year lock, why self-used solar is worth 4-5x exported power, plus a worked 8 kWp example.

### Solar in India: The 2026 Buyer’s Guide | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/solar-in-india-buyers-guide.html
From bill to commissioning: size your system, use the PM Surya Ghar subsidy, pick DCR panels and vendors, clear net metering, and dodge the classic 2026 traps.

### Solar in the USA: The State-by-State Reality | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/solar-in-usa-state-guide.html
Why US solar payback now depends on your state: electricity rates, net-metering regimes and surviving 2026 incentives compared across 8 representative states.

### Financing Solar in India, Honestly | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/solar-loan-emi-india-guide.html
Solar loans in India for 2026: the PM Surya Ghar ~7% collateral-free loan, honest EMI maths with worked examples, the subsidy-timing trap and zero-down offers.

### Solar Panel Efficiency: What the Numbers Mean | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/solar-panel-efficiency-explained.html
Solar panel efficiency explained honestly: what 20-23% really means, why efficiency buys roof space rather than energy, and when a premium panel pays off.

### Solar Panel Tilt Angle & Orientation | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/solar-panel-tilt-angle-orientation.html
Tilt near your latitude, face true south or north, and learn what flat, east-west or off-angle roofs really cost. Honest loss tables plus a worked example.

### String Sizing & Inverter Matching | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/solar-string-sizing-inverter-matching.html
How to size solar strings: cold-corrected Voc against max input voltage, MPPT window checks, current limits with the Isc x 1.25 rule, plus worked examples.

### Solar Wire & Cable Sizing Guide | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/solar-wire-cable-sizing-guide.html
Size solar wires with confidence: the NEC 1.56x ampacity rule, heat and conduit derates, the 3% voltage drop test, AWG vs mm2, battery cables, fusing and lugs.

### UK Smart Export Guarantee: Rates & How It Works | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/uk-smart-export-guarantee-guide.html
How the UK Smart Export Guarantee works in 2026: real SEG rates from about 1p to 30p/kWh, eligibility, how to apply, and why self-use still beats exporting.

### Voltage Drop in Solar Systems | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/voltage-drop-in-solar-systems.html
What voltage drop really is, the VD = 2LIR/1000 formula lever by lever, the 3% rule, a 12 V vs 48 V worked example, symptoms, and how to measure and fix it.

### What Size Inverter Do I Need? | ProSolarCalc
URL: https://prosolarcalc.com/guides/what-size-inverter-do-i-need.html
How to size a solar inverter: grid-tied DC/AC ratios of 1.1-1.3, off-grid load sizing at continuous watts x 1.25 plus motor surge, worked examples and tables.